Standards Requirements Document for the Evolution of cdma2000

 The following requirements document was prepared by the CDMA Development Group and has been approved by the CDG Board and Council. See the CDG for a listing of Board and Council members.

1 Purpose

 This Standards Requirements Document (SRD) outlines the key Operator requirements for the evolution of the cdma2000 1x (IMT-2000 MC 1x) standard. This SRD will refer to this evolution as 1xEV. These requirements are defined to drive improvements to the fundamental packet data capabilities and efficiencies of cdma2000 1x systems to better meet the rapidly evolving needs of subscribers. This document is intended to enable Wireless Operators an evolution beyond cdma2000 1x, providing for increased spectral efficiency and capability to cost effectively satisfy customer demand for wireless Internet applications. This document will facilitate a timely consideration by the CDG of possible solutions for enabling capabilities beyond cdma2000 1x systems.

 2 Scope

 The scope of this document is the air interface. While it is critical to consider the evolution of the core network in defining the evolution of CDMA, specific requirements are defined only for the radio access portion of the network.

3 Background

3.1 Service Drivers for 1xEV

 There are a number of drivers behind the evolution of cdma2000 1x

• In the evolution timeline for cdma2000 1x, high-speed data capability to support existing and future Internet based services will become critically important.
• The data traffic will involve a significant amount of bursty data characteristic of Internet access traffic.
• Spectrum will continue to be a scarce resource, making 1.25 MHz systems significantly more attractive compared to 5 MHz systems, so long as comparable performance can be achieved. Operators and subscribers will benefit from these systems via: - High speed and higher capacity Packet Data transport system
• Higher Spectral efficiency for Packet Data
• Voice with higher spectral efficiency
• The scalability and flexibility of cdma2000 1x systems are much better than 5 MHz systems for migrating existing 2G systems
• cdma2000 1x systems minimize impact on cell-site equipment and handheld devices in evolving to support high-speed packet data services

3.2 Evolution Framework

 Although the purpose of this document is to provide requirements for the evolution of the cdma2000 1X standard, there are several important considerations for successfully defining the evolution of cdma2000 1x:

• In order to accurately define how cdma2000 1x should evolve, it is necessary to fully characterize cdma2000 1x systems
• Although this characterization should focus on requirements, there are some areas where it is important to consider potential technology solutions in order to determine the feasibility of required improvement
• The future network will increasingly be driven towards multi-vendor and interoperable standards. In order for multi-vendor systems to co-exist, operators must have the ability to objectively evaluate different solutions

4 Phases

4.1 1xEV Phase Definitions

 In order to meet cdma2000 Operator schedule requirements for deploying high-speed packet data services in a 1.25 MHz carrier, 1xEV will be defined in two phases. The CDG is outlining a phased approach because Operators believe that the industry can deliver an optimized packet air interface without real-time (e.g., voice) services on an accelerated schedule compared to an air interface which delivers both real-time and high-speed packet data services on the same carrier. For the purpose of this document, real-time services shall be defined as services with delay no greater than that of current voice services. The intent is not to specify a solution or implementation, but rather to enable the most rapid and efficient rollout of optimized, high-speed packet data services.

 It is important to understand that neither Phase 1 or Phase 2 outlined below is an end-state. Phase 1 must evolve to Phase 2, and Phase 2 is not the end of the evolution of the cdma2000 standard. Furthermore, Section 5.3 outlines specific requirements for Phase 1 and Phase 2. The industry is encouraged to exceed these requirements, and the evaluation of possible solutions to the requirements in this SRD will consider the extent to which these solutions meet and exceed these requirements.

4.1.1 Phase 1: System Optimized for Non-Real Time, High-Speed Packet Data Services

The high-speed packet data service operates on one carrier. If the subscriber invokes voice or another real-time service, the 1xEV systems shall use cdma2000 1x to implement the service. The objective is to make this operation transparent to the user.

4.1.2 Phase 2: System to Concurrently Support High-Speed Packet Data and Real-Time Service

In an integrated approach, the objective is to integrate phase one capabilities on the same carrier, while retaining the ability to maintain packet data services on a separate carrier.

4.2 Schedule

 In consideration of the typical lead times in standards development and product design, implementation, and testing, the Phase 1 standard shall be approved for publication no later than October 2000 so as to enable trials in January 2001. Phase 2 should be made available as soon as practical following Phase 1. It is desired that the Phase 2 standard be completed (approved for publication) by October 2001 so as to enable trials in January 2002. The industry is encouraged to conduct tests early to facilitate development of the standards.

5 Requirements

5.1 Core Network

 The 1xEV air interface should be designed to take advantage of standard Next Generation Network (NGN) architectures currently being defined in standards bodies and industry groups, including globally harmonized IP core network. In addition, the 1xEV standard shall be able to operate on the ANSI-41 core network standard and the GSM MAP core network standard. In the event both of these requirements cannot be met while keeping to the schedule, interoperability with ANSI-41 shall take priority.

5.2 Information Data Rates and Capacity

 1xEV is envisioned to be a high speed/capacity air interface to be used for cost-effective IP connectivity. The 1xEV standard shall enable a range of information data rates suitable for high speed-packet data applications as specified in the following table.

Table 1 - Information Data Rate and Capacity Requirements

1. "Outdoor Peak Data Rate" is defined as the maximum instantaneous information data rate available to any given user in a high-speed handoff mobile application.

2. "Outdoor Average Data Rate" is defined as the system-wide average information data rate available per sector in a fully-loaded system with all users moving at vehicular speed.

3. "Indoor Data Rate" is defined as the information data rate available to any given indoor user moving at pedestrian speed.

The 1xEV standard shall be written such that system throughputs can be maximized to allow the largest possible number of users to run voice (Phase 2) and/or high-speed packet data applications. It is desired that these improvements be transferrable to IMT-2000 MC 3X in the future.

3rd Generation (IMT-2000) air interfaces provide significant improvements to average system spectrum efficiency. cdma2000 will double the voice capacity (bps/Hz) over IS-95 and will increase packet data rates by four to six times. 1xEV shall meet or exceed the cdma2000 standard for capacity as indicated in the above table.

5.3 Fundamental Requirements

5.3.1 Phase 1: The Phase 1 standard shall enable, as a minimum:

5.3.1.1 High-speed, non-real-time, packet data capability

5.3.1.2 Interoperability (including handoff) with cdma2000 1x channels for packet services

5.3.1.3 Improved signalling and packet data throughput

5.3.1.4 Deployment in all existing and planned frequency bands where cellular and PCS sytems are/will be deployed

5.3.1.5 Asymmetric data rates to serve majority of Internet applications; up to a 10/1 forward to reverse link ratio (subject to the peak and average rates identified in Table 1)

5.3.1.6 Capability of Sixteen Class of Services (COS) for packet data which can be used to achieve the best system performance and maximize the data throughput. Proposed classes include: - Class 1: Real-Time Services and High-Speed Packet Data (Phase 2 only) - Class 2: Non-Real-Time High-Speed Packet - Class 3: Scheduled Delivery (Phase 2 only) - Classes 4-16: Reserved for Future COS (Phase 2 only)

5.3.1.7 Fast connection time compared to existing IS-95 standards

5.3.1.8 An "always - on" user experience for data services (i.e., no need to go through dial-in and log-on process)

5.3.1.9 Use of existing IS-95 A/B and cdma2000 antennas as well as addition of active, smart and directional antennas for specific applications

5.3.1.10 Simple user device activation using Over-The Air Activation

5.3.1.11 A graceful evolution from IS-95 A/B and cdma2000 that minimizes impact to terminals and infrastructure to achieve the most economical evolution

5.3.1.12 A graceful evolution to Phase 2 that minimizes impact to terminals and infrastructure

5.3.2 Phase 2: In addition to the Phase 1 capabilities listed in 5.3.1, the Phase 2 standard shall enable, as a minimum:

5.3.2.1 Three modes of traffic delivery: 1) Real-time, 2) Non-real-time, 3) Mixed real-time/non-real-time

5.3.2.2 Interoperability with cdma-2000 1x channels for packet and voice services

5.3.2.3 Mixed real-time and non-real-time traffic on the same carrier

5.3.2.4 Network support for multiple, concurrent packet sessions

5.3.2.5 Voice and packet Service Options, and capability to add future, globally harmonized audio and video codecs

5.3.2.6 Classes of Service 1-16 for voice and packet services (per 5.3.1.6)

5.3.2.7 Consistently "Excellent" (MOS >= 4.0) voice call quality when in the highest quality mode, particularly as compared to IS-733 and all twelve SMV test conditions

5.3.2.8 Use of existing IS-95 A/B and cdma2000 antennas

5.3.2.9 Double the voice service spectral efficiency of cdma2000 1x and meet or exceed the packet information data rates in Table 1, while providing the same range/coverage as Phase 1 above

5.3.2.10 The system to be configured to provide real-time and non-real-time services based upon the following Quality of Service parameters: - Priority - Minimum Acceptable Data Rate - Maximum Permitted Data Loss Rate (expressed as a percentage of either Packet Loss or Frame Loss per data message, or as a BER) - Latency or Delay

       5.3.3 System-Level Reference: The design of the Phase 1 and Phase 2 standards should        enable the following system-level performance (for mobiles on their home system):

5.3.3.1 Total call set-up time to home country destinations to be less than two seconds

5.3.3.2 System acquisition, registration, authentication, and network log-on time to be less than two seconds (for calls placed within the home system, e.g., international calls may experience greater set-up)

5.3.3.3 Packet access failures to be less than 0.5% of access attempts

5.3.3.4 Undesired packet session terminations to be less than 1% of completed terminations

Implementation complexity should be equal to or less than that of cdma2000 1x systems. In addition, subscriber terminals should evolve, at a minimum, at the pace of network equipment to allow service providers to pre-seed these devices with subscribers. Subscriber voice terminals should also be available in form-factors similar to current voice terminals.

5.4 Radio Environment

 As a minimum requirement, the coverage range for 1xEV shall align closely with IS-95 and cdma2000 1x. The objective of the coverage requirements is to ensure that operators can use existing cell/sector configurations without cell splitting. It is the intention of operators to deploy 1xEV on existing BTS equipment, which can operate a number of RF carriers, including a mix of IS-95, cdma2000 1x, and 1xEV. Extra coverage range should be provided if it does not compromise system throughput.

 The coverage characteristics shall be better than IS-95B and cdma2000 1x for all services and service mixes. This means, for example, that for a data rate three times faster than that offered by cdma2000 1x, the geographic coverage of 1xEV shall match or surpass the coverage offered by cdma2000 1x systems using the same link budge(e.g. same transmit powers, same antenna configurations etc).

 Out of band emissions for 1xEV shall comply with equivalent requirements for cdma2000 1x systems.

 Both Phase 1 and Phase 2 shall support both mobile and fixed users.

5.5 Compatibility

 The 1xEV standard shall incorporate all aspects of and be an extension of the existing cdma2000 1x features, functions, applications, and services specified in the release A (and future Release B) standards. More specifically, the Phase 1 1xEV standard shall support all of the packet data capabilities and none of the real-time voice capabilities of cdma2000 1x. The Phase 2 1xEV standard, however, shall maintain all of the voice and packet data capabilities of cdma2000 1x and Phase 1 1xEV. Any changes made to cdma2000 1x system specifications shall be incorporated into the 1xEV standards. 

 To ensure compatibility, customer equipment will carry forward all of the cdma2000 1x capabilities in addition to 1xEV capabilities (as appropriate by phases) to enable roaming in cdma2000 1x systems.

 Such multiservice capability should be achieved by utilizing one multi-mode radio in the subscriber terminal.

 As previously mentioned, Phase I should provide a graceful economical evolution from IS 95 A/B and IS-2000, minimizing impact to terminals and infrastructure. The same should apply when evolving Phase I to Phase II. It is imperative that standards for Phase I and Phase II be developed with this in mind. Carriers want to be able to utilize existing IS 95 A/B and IS 2000 base stations with minimal costs to upgrade to Phase 1and Phase 2. As an example, a channel card replacement may be the most economical means to accomplish this. Likewise from a compatibility perspective, utilization of existing IS 95 A/B and IS-2000 antennas is vital.

5.6 Flexibility

 1xEV shall provide:

• Packet scheduling and traffic balancing mechanisms for all frequency channels and underlying technologies (IS-95, cdma2000)
• Consideration of different busy periods for different applications on the same air interface

5.7 Interoperability Specification Support

 Both Phase 1 and Phase 2 shall support Interoperability Specification Version 4.1 (voice services excluded for Phase 1).

5.8 Parameter Performance

 The 1xEV standard shall be designed to exceed performance of cdma2000 1x systems. Specifically, Phase 2 systems shall enable customer equipment that:

• Reduces terminal power consumption by one-half
• Extends active transmit time by 100%
• Increases standby time by 100%